Case discussion on 43 year old male with seizures

 N.Deepa, 8th semester

Roll no. 93

I've been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of "Patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan. 



Following is the view of my case : 
 ( date of admission :18/10/2021 ) 
 ( history taken on : 19/10/2021 ) 


CASE : 

A 43 year old male was brought to the casuality with chief complaints of involuntary movements in the right upper and lower limb. 


HOPI : 

He is a 43 yr old male born out of a non -consanguinous marriage. Patient had weakness in the fingers of right limb since childhood and he carry out his daily activities with his left hand. 5 years ago patient  had angry burst out and used to beat his family members . He was taken to a hospital where they prescribed him antipsychotics. Tab. Risperidone 2mg twice daily and Tab. Trihexiphenidryl 2mg once daily. Since then patient is continuously on antipsychotics and there are no episodes of anger burst out. 
                      Patient had fever spikes on 17/10/2021. On 18/10/21 post lunch around 4 pm patient had involuntary movements of right upper and lower limb for 10 minutes.There was loss of consciousness.No deviation of mouth. No urinary or fecal incontinence after seizure. He was taken to a hospital. During the journey patient had 2 episodes of seizures each lasting for around 2-3 minutes in the span of 1 hour. He also had a episode of vomiting. 



PAST HISTORY :

There is no history of seizures in the past. 
No history of HTN, DM, TB, Asthma. 
No surgical history

PERSONAL HISTORY :

Diet : Mixed

Appetite : Normal

Sleep : Disturbed sleep before antipsychotics.                     Now it is adequate

Bowel and bladder habits : Regular

Addictions : Alcohol occasionally

Allergies : No food and drug allergies


FAMILY HISTORY : 

No history of seizures in the family. 
No history of psychiatric problems in the family. 



GENERAL EXAMINATION : 

The patient was not conscious.

moderately built and well nourished.

Pallor- Absent

Icterus- Absent

Clubbing- Absent

Cyanosis- Absent

Lymphedenopathy- Absent

Edema- Absent


VITALS-  

Temperature- febrile

BP- 140/90 mm of hg

Pulse- 83 bpm

Respiratory Rate- 18

Oxygen saturation- 98% on room air




SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :


CNS :


Gcs - E2 V1 M3


Higher mental functions - cannot be elicited


Cranial nerve examination 

     

           • optic nerve -

           • trigeminal nerve -

           • facial nerve - 

           • glossopharyngeal nerve - 

           • hypoglossal nerve - 


Motor examination : 


                                Right                         Left              



TONE         

Upper limb        hypotonia             hypotonia


Lower limb        hypotonia             hypotonia



POWER                

 Upper  limb             0/5                          0/5


 Lower limb              0/5                         0/5



REFLEXES 

  Biceps                      +                              +

 Triceps                      -                               -

 Supinator                 -                               -

  Knee                         +                              +

Ankle                         +                               + 

Plantar                       -                               - 



Gait cannot be examined. 

Sensory system cannot be examined. 





Cvs : S1 S2 heart sounds heard, No murmurs

Respiratory system : Bilateral air entry present. 

Abdomen : Soft and non - tender. Bowel sounds are heard. No organomegaly. 



DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS : 

• Meningitis
• Left hemiparesis
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome


INVESTIGATIONS :




                  











ECG : 

            

         






MRI VENOGRAM: 

  

                 


In the patient MRI was done on 18th and 19th. After MRI patient had episode of vomiting. 


PSYCHIATRIC REFERAL : 


       





  




       



      





OPHTHALMOLOGY REFERAL : 








DIAGNOSIS :

Focal seizures ( Rt side ) with secondary generalisation 




TREATMENT : 

On 19/10/2021
     
       • Inj. MANNITOL 100 ml/IV / TID
       • Inj. LEVIPIL 1 gm / IV / BD
       • Inj. LORAZEPAM 2cc / IV / SOS
       • Stop antipsychotics 
       • RT feeds 
             - 50ml water 2 hourly
             - 100ml milk 4 hourly
       • Inj. MONOCEF 1g / IV / BD
       • Inj. ENOXAPARIN 40mg every 12 hourly


















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